Editor’s note: Here in the Bay Area, there are no Northern Cardinals perched on snow-laden holly bushes. Instead, for iconic winter holiday imagery, we have Cedar Waxwings feasting on bright red toyon berries! In this article, reprinted from Bay Nature magazine, Golden Gate Bird Alliance field trip leader Alan Kaplan explains the role of these brilliant red berries in the winter food chain.
By Alan Kaplan
Wintering birds in our area often depend on the fruits of native and exotic (ornamental) berry plants to sustain them. Three common fruit eaters are American Robin, Cedar Waxwing, and Hermit Thrush.
In the 1970s, ornithologist Stephen Bailey looked at how these birds use berries in winter and how they interact with each other. (He was a graduate student at U.C. Berkeley at the time.) He found that toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) was the most important source of berries for robins, thrushes and waxwings, though they also make use of other berry plants on the university’s campus, such as cotoneaster, privet, pyracantha, holly and juniper.
Low in protein and calories, berries offer limited nutritional value, especially to small birds who need to consume their body weight in food each day to survive the winter. For example, a bird would need to consume 3 ounces of (dried) toyon berries to get the same 331 calories that could be had with only 2 ounces of sunflower seeds. Nevertheless, if you’re a wild bird you take what you can get!
Cedar Waxwing with toyon berries by Evleen Anderson
Bailey found that he could learn a lot about bird behavior by watching them tackle a berried bush. Each of the three species he studied — American Robin, Cedar Waxwing, and Hermit Thrush — had a different strategy of getting its fill. Each competed with the others and none could exclude the others altogether.
The large American Robin throws its weight around, dominating the other birds when defending a rich bush of berries against individual Hermit Thrushes or a small number of Cedar Waxwings. Cedar Waxwings, in turn, overwhelm the defense of robins with their large numbers, making up with flocking what they lack in fierceness.
Both the robins and waxwings prefer to perch and pluck at berries within reach, and spend about 16 minutes at a time doing that. Robins take five berries during that time, and cedar waxwings take three. A robin might eat its weight in berries in a day (about 3 ounces), filling and emptying its crop three times per hour.…

By Ilana DeBare
The 76th annual Oakland Christmas Bird Count began with a chilly dawn outside and ended with a warm crowd inside.
Over 270 people signed up for the Oakland count on Sunday, December 18, which last year had more participants in the field than any other CBC in the world.
Participants enjoyed crisp, clear skies, while navigating around patches of frost on the grass and black ice on some roads. Afterwards, they gathered in Berkeley for the annual compilation dinner with summaries from most of the 30 count circles, ably emceed by compilers Bob Lewis and Dave Quady.
The preliminary total (with not all teams reporting yet) was 178 species, similar to last year’s total of 179. However, the number of individual birds seemed to be down, possibly due to the cold weather.
“We had very few birds. I think they were frozen to the branches,” reported Douglas Vaughan, who co-led the Tilden Park North count team.
San Leandro Bay count team, dressed for the cold / Photo by Rick Lewis
American Kestrel at San Pablo Reservoir by Pamela Llewellyn
Red Fox on the golf course near San Leandro Bay by Rick Lewis
The Best Bird of the count was awarded to a Wilson’s Warbler sighted on Bay Farm Island.
Dave Quady reported that:

Other nice finds included a Brant at Pt. Isabel, single Red-necked Grebes off Oakland’s Estuary Park and in San Leandro Bay, single Common Gallinules on Bay Farm Island and on Lafayette Reservoir, Snowy Plovers on Alameda, nice numbers of Surfbirds off Emeryville, a Lesser Yellowlegs at Arrowhead Marsh, adult Bald Eagles seen over three areas, single Say’s Phoebes in residential areas of Berkeley and Oakland, a Tree Swallow over Briones Reservoir, a House Wren at Upper San Leandro Reservoir, a Blue-gray Gnatcatcher in Tilden RP, and a Swamp Sparrow at the San Pablo Reservoir boat launch.

The sighting of 25 Western Snowy Plovers on Crown Beach in Alameda was particularly gratifying. In 2014, Golden Gate Bird Alliance worked with the East Bay Regional Park District to erect educational signage and cordon off a section of beach where a few of those threatened shorebirds had taken to roosting. Based on the number during the count, clearly the efforts to provide them with a safe roosting spot are paying off!
Counting in the U.C. Botanical Garden / Photo by Ilana DeBare
House Wren at Point Isabel by Alan Krakauer
One benefit of counting at Sequoyah Country Club is a ride on the golf carts / Photo by Pat Bacchetti
Sadly, the count turned up no Tricolored Blackbirds — the third year in a row this species has been absent.…

By Ilana DeBare

The Burrowing Owls of Cesar Chavez Park are beloved by Berkeley residents and park visitors. More than that, they’re listed as a Species of Special Concern in California due to their dwindling habitat and numbers.

Over Thanksgiving weekend, Berkeley’s owl lovers were jolted by some tragic news — the one Burrowing Owl spotted in the park this year was found dead on a park bench.

A passerby managed to photograph the owl and shared the photo with Golden Gate Bird Alliance’s dedicated group of volunteer Burrowing Owl docents. But by the time GGBA learned of the death, the body was gone and so no one was able to conduct a necropsy to determine its cause of death.

“We are all very saddened by the tragic loss of our single Burrowing Owl in CCP this winter season,”  docent coordinator Della Dash wrote in an email to the group, which has been monitoring and educating people about the owls since 2009. “We are trying to piece together what happened. But without the remains it will be impossible to know what really happened, unless someone from the public comes forward to report what occurred.”

The dead Burrowing Owl on a park bench

One possibility is that the owl may have been attacked by an off-leash dog, and left on the bench by its owner or by another park visitor. Along with helping people spot the owls through a scope, the docents spend a lot of their time trying to educate dog owners to keep their pets leashed when outside the park’s designated off-leash area.

Other possibilities are that the owl was the victim of a larger raptor, a feral cat, or some other predator. But the upshot is, without a body to analyze, we will not be able to pinpoint a certain cause of death.

The loss of a single owl is more significant than it might seem. Cesar Chavez Park has long harbored a small population of Burrowing Owls that spend the winter in ground squirrel burrows and then fly elsewhere to breed. Several years ago, one Cesar Chavez owl was documented by leg bands nesting as far away as Idaho, where it fledged three clutches of young.

The Burrowing Owl that was found dead over Thanksgiving weekend / Photo by Miya Lucas The Burrowing Owl that was found dead over Thanksgiving weekend / Photo by Doug Donaldson

But the park’s wintering owl population has dwindled, possibly due to California’s drought.…

By Ilana DeBare
Golden Gate Bird Alliance members are talented birders… but that’s not their only accomplishment. A number of GGBA members are also authors! So — now that it’s holiday shopping season — we figured it might be nice to spread the word about some of their books.
We’ll start with books related to wildlife and conservation. But after that, as you’ll see, GGBA members have a wide range of interests and knowledge. Consider their books as holiday gifts: If you buy one at your neighborhood independent bookstore, you’ll be supporting both local business and a fellow Audubon member!
Spare the Birds! George Bird Grinnell and the First Audubon Society, by Carolyn Merchant. In 1887, George Bird Grinnell launched Audubon magazine, one of the first efforts to preserve bird species decimated by the women’s hat trade, hunting, and loss of habitat. Carolyn, a professor of environmental history at U.C. Berkeley, tells Grinnell’s story and how, even though his initial organization and magazine lasted only two years, he had a lasting impact. Published this fall by Yale University Press. See http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300215458/spare-birds.
Spare the Birds
Citizen Science: Searching for Heroes and Hope in an Age of Extinction, by Mary Ellen Hannibal. Combining firsthand reporting, research, and memoir, Mary Ellen wades through tide pools and chases hawks with dedicated volunteers seeking to learn about and protect wildlife. You may have heard her talking about Citizen Science on KQED Forum! Published this fall by Workman Publishing. See https://www.workman.com/products/citizen-scientist.
Running Wild, by Elaine Bond Miller. Children’s board book about animals in motion, with Elaine’s great photos of a deer prancing, bobcat prowling, snake slithering, and even a butterfly fluttering in mid-air. Particularly good for children under 4. Published this fall by Berkeley-based Heyday books. See https://heydaybooks.com/book/running-wild/.
Page from Running Wild by GGBA member Elaine Bond Miller
Birds of Northern California, by David Quady, Jon Dunn, Kimball Garrett, and Brian Small. This handy, pocket-sized photographic field guide was published in late 2015 and features 400 Northern California species. Co-author Dave Quady is a GGBA birding instructor and a co-compiler of our Oakland Christmas Bird Count, and we have some copies available for sale in our online store or Berkeley office. Click here to read a review of the book that we ran on this blog last year.
Isles of Amnesia, by Mark Rauzon. Mark, a biologist and Laney College professor, has worked for 25 years on eradicating invasive plants and animals from islands in the Pacific.…

By Ilana DeBare
The City of Richmond adopted a new zoning plan this month that includes standards for Bird-Safe Buildings  — joining a growing number of Bay Area cities that are encouraging bird-safe building design.
The new rules require that windows greater than 24 square feet in size be treated in some way to prevent bird collisions. Birds can’t perceive clear glass, but they can be steered away by techniques that include fritted glass, ultraviolet patterns within the glass, mullions, shades, and louvers.
Golden Gate Bird Alliance worked with Richmond planning staff to develop the guidelines. They follow similar standards in San Francisco and Oakland, which were the first two cities in the country to adopt municipal bird-safe building rules.
The new rules are a particularly welcome development in Richmond, since the city has such an extensive waterfront, which draws tens of thousands of water and shorebirds each year, including many winter migrants. Across North America, it’s estimated that up to 1 billion birds die each year from window collisions.
Aerial view of Richmond, showing the extensive waterfront.
“This is a great victory for the birds and for the people of Richmond who care about their wildlife,” said GGBA Executive Director Cindy Margulis.
Richard Mitchell, Planning Director for Richmond said:

“The adoption of these standards reinforces the City’s commitment to the environment by ensuring that new buildings are designed to reduce bird mortality from circumstances that are known to pose a high risk to birds and are considered to be bird hazards.”

With Golden Gate Bird Alliance raising the issue and providing input, San Francisco enacted the country’s first municipal bird-safe building standards in October 2012. Oakland followed suit in June 2013. Since then, Sunnyvale and Palo Alto have also passed bird-safe building standards, and cities such as Portland, Oregon, and Highland Park, Illinois, are currently considering them.
Red-tailed Hawk at a window. Photo by Deborah Allen/National Wildlife Federation
 
“We were fortunate that Richmond was working on updating their zoning and they were able to incorporate this new piece,” said Noreen Weeden, GGBA’s Conservation Project Manager, who started working with the city last March.
Approved by the Richmond City Council on November 15 as part of the new zoning plan, the standards apply to new construction and renovations. There is an exemption for small structures (less than 45 feet high) where glass makes up less than half of the facade, unless the building is in a “bird collision zone” adjacent to a park or body of water.…